Alfred Nobel

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interests. While he provided no prizes for architects, artists,
composers or social scientists, he was generous to those working in physics,
chemistry, physiology and medicine�the subjects he knew best himself, and in
which he expected the greatest advances.

Throughout his life he suffered from poor health and often took cures at
watering places, �less to drink the water than to rest.� But he expected great
improvements in medicine, and the profession has since realized many of them.
Once he employed a young Swedish physiologist in Paris to test his own theories
on blood transfusions. Although these efforts were not successful, problems
related to transfusions were later solved by an Austrian, Karl Landsteiner, who
won the 1930 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.

The Nobel Prize in Literature, too, reflects the donor's personal predilections.
From his early youth he had been a writer as well as an avid reader, but he
later destroyed many of his adolescent poems ...

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it may have been only natural
for him to divide the prize- awarding responsibilities between the two parts of
his homeland. A contributing reason may also have been his admiration for the
great Norwegian writer and patriot Bj�rnstierne Bj�rnson, winner of the Prize in
Literature in 1903.

The selection of Peace Prize winners was entrusted to a committee appointed by
the Storting, or Norwegian Parliament. As a member of the Royal Swedish Academy
of Sciences in Stockholm, Nobel thought this the appropriate body for the
selection of laureates in physics and chemistry. Selection of winners of the
Prize in Physiology or Medicine was delegated to the Karolinska Institute in
Stockholm, of ...

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