Biofeedback

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about his
biological state from feedback from the sensors. Margolin and Kubic (1944)
conducted an early example of this kind of feedback. They used a subject's
amplified respiration and heart beat to induce a hypnotic induction. Even
though the subjects were not told to adjust these physiological functions,
the feedback of their biological system was used to alter their conscious
and emotional state (O'Hair). The principles of operant conditioning have
often been used by people to explain biofeedback. In operant conditioning,
any activity that approximates the desired behavior or response is
reinforced or rewarded. By using these types of conditioning, feedback is
received. In 1969, Neal Miller demonstrated that animals could learn to
change levels of their autonomic functions on the basis of contingent
reinforcement. Miller gave rats feedback on its behavior when the were
rewarded for moving in the desired physiological direction. They were able
to increase the temperature ...

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migraine headaches, and other types of pain, Raynaud's disease
( a circulatory disorder which causes uncomfortably cold hands), High and
low blood pressure, paralysis and other movement disorders, epilepsy,
Cardiac arrhythmia (abnormalities in the rhythm of the heartbeat).
Biofeedback training is provided by a variety of specialists ranging from
psychologists to psychiatrist to physical therapists, internists, nurses
and even dentists. Many use other techniques in accordance with biofeedback.
Clients are commonly taught different types of relaxation techniques such
as, imagery, autogenics, breathing and passive progressive relaxation.
They may be taught how to elude or face stressful ...

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