Gender

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both of her daughters made. As these three women came to the United States of America, along with their families, they faced a democratic government where employment was not guaranteed and women did have to face the hardships of unemployment, and more importantly, inequality. It would be the values and traditions that both Alla and Helen believed in that allowed them to be successful and relatively unaffected by inequality.
In the time period that the three women lived in the USSR, society was ruled by socialism (communists did exist, but were not the majority). Under this theory of government, everyone worked; it was believed to be a disgrace if a person simply sat at home and did not participate in the labor force. The goal was to have every citizen in the USSR working; there was little focus on quality or productivity, "Early Soviet policies rested on the assumption that genuine equality and independence for women depended on full economics participation." (Lapidus 168) ...

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and far from being the same. As all members of society, women were encouraged to work and not stay at home. Due to the fact that women were earning the same amount as men, their time became too expensive to simply stay at home. The opportunity cost of women staying at home with their families increased, and women went out into the labor force. Through a substitution-income effect analysis, women began to substitute away from the more expensive action, staying at home, and began to work more. Although the presence of women in the household diminished, their roles did not. Women were expected to take care of their families and work outside of the home. At this point, women were ...

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