Immanuel Kant and his Philosophy

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these phenomena, but the ability of human mind that shapes or gives sequential order to the cause and effect principle in a given phenomenon. Moreover, these categories of understanding are a priori. These come before our experience. In this way the source of all understanding and certainty of knowledge is human reason. Thus, we are able to discover and infer the nature around us through our rationality and reasoning capacity.

Now applying the same principle Kant tells us that certainty of knowing the moral law can be achieved through reason and rational nature because this alone is same and common in humans. Similarly, the source of this law is a priori; it comes before experience not after it. Rather it provides the basis for our understanding and appreciating our experience. Nevertheless, experience cannot provide the ground for morality because it is different in everyone and is influenced by varieties of desires and tastes. That universal moral law is objective i.e. ...

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morality of such actions has no intrinsic value. These actions have no value when done out of good will. Good will is something which is without any qualification good. Talents of human mind intelligence, wit and judgment and gifts of fortune such as power, riches, honor, health and happiness must be qualified by a good will. Otherwise, these can be engaged in any negative sense to individual or society. Even so much so that there are some qualities namely moderation in affection and passions, self-control and calm deliberation are of service to good will itself. These qualities may facilitate the performance of goodwill. Even these qualities cannot be called a good without qualifying them ...

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