The Sedition Act Of 1798

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under which popular governments have everywhere perished." James
Madison wrote in Federalist Papers #10, "By a faction, I understand a
number of citizens, whether amounting to a majority or a minority of the
whole, who are united and actuated by some common impulse of passion, or of
interest, adversed to the rights of other citizens, or to the permanent and
aggregate interests of the community." He went on to explain that faction
is part of human nature; "that the CAUSES of faction cannot be removed, and
that relief is only to be sought in the means of controlling its EFFECTS."
The significant point Madison was to make in this essay was that the Union
was a safeguard against factions in that even if "the influence of factious
leaders may kindle a flame within their particular States, [they will be]
unable to spread a general conflagration through the other States."

What caused men like Thomas Jefferson and James Madison to defy tradition
and public perceptions ...

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French and English conflict caused many problems
with America's political system. The English "Order of Council" and the
French "Milan Decree" wreaked havoc with America's shipping and led to
Jay's Treaty of 1794. Jay's Treaty was advantageous to America and helped
to head off a war with Britain, but it also alienated the French. The
French reacted by seizing American ships causing the threat of war to loom
large in American minds. President Adams sent three commissioners to France
to work out a solution and to modify the Franco-American alliance of 1778,
but the Paris government asked for bribes and a loan from the United States
before negotiations could even begin. The American ...

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