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Crusades 3 - School Essays

Crusades 3

How and why did the Crusades begin, how successful were they
and why did the Crusade movement ultimately fail
The crusades were military expeditions launched against the Muslims by the Christians in an attempt to regain the Holy Land. They took place between 1095 A.D. and 1270 A.D. The word crusade, which is derived from the Latin crux ("cross") , is a reference to the biblical injunction that Christians carry their cross . Crusaders wore a red cloth cross sewn on their tunics to indicate that they had assumed the cross and were soldiers of Christ . The causes of the Crusades were many and complex. Religious beliefs, political considerations and economic circumstances all lead to a ...

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fulfilled the ideals of the Christian knight, thus appealing to many. Papal
encouragement, and the offer of indulgences also motivated thousands to enrol in this cause . �Undertake this journey for the remission of your sins...with the assurance of everlasting glory in the kingdom of heaven.� 3
Political considerations were also important. The Crusades were a response to appeals for help from Alexis Comnenus of the Byzantine Empire. The Emperor was constantly threatened by the advance of the Seljuk Turks. The year of 1071 had seen both the captures of Jerusalem and the decisive defeat of the Byzantine army at Manzikert.
Pope Urban II also worried about the advancing Turks. The thought of the holy city in the hands of the Muslims, and the threat of the Turks overrunning Byzantium, removing the barrier between the two worlds lead to a out cry from the papacy.
The hopes of the Papacy for the reunification of East and West, also played a role. The church had split in ...

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fiefs in the middle east. Population pressure in the west , as well as crop failures created a need for new land. In Addition, �the Pope excused crusaders from certain taxes and debts while they were away fighting.�7
Participation in Crusades was seen as an act of devotion to God. God would reward those who fought for the Holy land. Many crusaders believed they were obeying God�s command. Pope Urban II also knew that a successful Crusade would bring prestige to the church.
In a time of social and religious movement in the West, combined with political disunity in the East. Urban II took advantage of Byzantine situation, and turned it into his own conviction that �the ...

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PAPER DETAILS

Added: 8/11/2006 08:37:58 AM
Category: World History
Type: Premium Paper
Words: 1771
Pages: 7

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