A New Civilization Emerges in Western Europe Q&A

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from landlords in exchange they would turn over a part of their goods and remain on the land.

10. What improved agriculture production?
The moldboard plow which was a curved iron plate and was much heavier than earlier plows and tilled the soil deeper for greater crop production. In addition to this the 3 field system enabled the soil to re-cooperate and increase production

11. What types of rights did serfs have?
The retained essential ownership of their houses and lands and could also pass on their property rights through inheritance.


THE CHURCH: POLITICAL AND SPIRITUAL POWER

12. What did the Roman Catholic Church model their organizational structure after? Explain.
They copied the structure of the Roman Government. The Pope in Rome then regional churches were headed by Bishops and then bishops looked over local priests.

13. In what ways were the lines between church and state blurred?
Often the secular leaders would appoint bishops and not just the Pope ...

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What was evidence of the new economic vitality of Europe?
The growth of towns and the loosening of the control of serfs over time

23. How did their economic vitality and urban centers compare to China?
There were a lot less of them and they were a great deal smaller but urbanization was slowly occurring.

24. When did the first universities develop in Europe? What was the primary purpose to educate for?
By the 11th Century - to train students in law and medicine. By the 12th Century a more formal university was forming in Paris which specialized in training clergy with theology being the main focus of classes. The Parisian model inspired universities in England (Oxford ...

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