Management: Yesterday & Today

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that such division of labor improved the productivity in three ways. First, there is an improvement in a worker's dexterity when he concentrates on just a few tasks. Second, time lost in relocating, adapting, orienting to a new task is saved. Third-concentrating on a few tasks could result in discovering better methods of performing the task.
The concept of division of labor was put to great effect during the Industrial Revolution to increase productivity.

Industrial Revolution

Industrial Revolution refers to the shift in a basically agricultural society to an industrial society. The first such 'revolution' occurred in Britain in the 18th century. The Industrial Revolution has been termed by many historians as the most significant change in human development since the Neolithic Revolution at the end of the Stone Age when people move from social systems based on hunting and gathering to more complex societies depending on agriculture and domesticated animals.
The advent ...

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(who took up time and motion study) and Badeux (methods study) in the early 20th century. The scientific techniques in management introduced by Taylor are still used extensively by managers in the industrial workplace.

Current Trends and Issues

General Administrative Theories

The current administrative or management theories take into account the rapidly changing environments of organizations. Some of these general theories are briefly described below:

1. Contingency Theory

The contingency theory of management specifies that a manager must take into account all the aspects of a situation before deciding on the style of management. In other words it is a flexible ...

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