The Cold War
When World War II in Europe finally came to an end on May 7, 1945, a new war was just beginning. : denoting the open yet restricted rivalry that developed between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies, a war fought on political, economic, and propaganda fronts, with limited recourse to weapons, largely because of fear of a nuclear holocaust. This term, , was first used by presidential advisor Bernard Baruch during a congressional debate in 1947. Intelligence operations dominating this war have been conducted by the Soviet State Security Service (KGB) and the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), representing the two power blocs, East and West respectively, that ...
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how these agencies came about, discuss past and present operations, and talk about some of their tools of the trade.
Origin of the CIA and KGB
The CIA was a direct result of American intelligence operations during World War II. President Franklin D. Roosevelt recognized the need to coordinate intelligence to protect the interests of the United States. In 1941, he appointed William J. Donovan to the head of the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) with headquarters in London. Four departments made up the OSS: Support, Secretariat, Planning, and Overseas Missions. Each of these departments directed an array of sections known as 'operation groups'. This organization had fallen into the disfavor of many involved in the federal administration at this time. This included the director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), J. Edgar Hoover, who did not like competition from a rival intelligence organization. With the death of Roosevelt in April of 1945, the OSS was disbanded under ...
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a German communist who fled Hitler's purge and whose ability as a nuclear physicist earned him a place on the Manhattan Project. Fuchs passed information to the Soviets beginning in 1941, and was not arrested until 1950. Also passing secrets to the Soviets were Julius and Ethel Rosenberg, executed in the United States in 1953. The latter two were probably among the first who believed in nuclear deterrence, whereby neither country would use nuclear weapons because the other would use his in response, therefore there would be no possible winner. It is generally believed that with such scientists as Andrei Sakharov, the Soviets were capable of working it out for themselves without the help of ...
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The Cold War. (2004, July 26). Retrieved November 30, 2024, from http://www.essayworld.com/essays/The-Cold-War/11634
"The Cold War." Essayworld.com. Essayworld.com, 26 Jul. 2004. Web. 30 Nov. 2024. <http://www.essayworld.com/essays/The-Cold-War/11634>
"The Cold War." Essayworld.com. July 26, 2004. Accessed November 30, 2024. http://www.essayworld.com/essays/The-Cold-War/11634.
"The Cold War." Essayworld.com. July 26, 2004. Accessed November 30, 2024. http://www.essayworld.com/essays/The-Cold-War/11634.
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